Ch 2 Evidence

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" height=90 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="02c285a1erlcgo.png"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#FFCC66" FACE="Arial" ><B>The Geocentric Bible </B></FONT><B>    </B><B> |     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Geocentric Bible "><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Preface"><U>Preface</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id18.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch1Scripture"><U>Ch1-Scripture</U></A>   |   <B>Ch 2 Evidence</B>   |   <A HREF="id21.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 3 First Second of Creation"><U>Ch 3 First Second of Creation</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id22.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 4 The Revolving Heaven"><U>Ch 4 The Revolving Heaven</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id23.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 5 Density Center of Universe"><U>Ch 5 Density & Center of Universe</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 6 Preserving"><U>Ch 6 Preserving</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 7 A Relatively Small Universe"><U>Ch 7 A Relatively Small Universe</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id29.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 8 Lesser"><U>Ch 8 Lesser</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id31.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 9 Proof"><U>Ch 9 Proof</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id26.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 10 Links Contact Us"><U>Ch 10 Links - Contact Us</U></A></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=390 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I>Ch 2 Evidence</I></div> <bR> <div> Evidence - Pattern</div> <div> At the International Conference on Creationism, </div> <div>  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.csfpittsburgh.org" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.csfpittsburgh.org"><U><U>www.csfpittsburgh.org</U></U></A></FONT> Aug.03, I talked with Fred Willson, who </div> <div> wrote the Impact #354 article, after he gave a speech on the subject. Even though he wrote the article, he had never seen it in print.  </div> <div> He looked at it and noticed that, under ratio, the top “8:21” </div> <div> for the earth was put there by someone else.  He had left it blank. </div> <div> Then he looked at the article, “ICR Skirts Geocentricity Again” </div> <div> by Gerardus Bouw, Ph.D, (4527 Wetzel Ave., Cleveland </div> <div> OH 44109) and said that he had suspected that his article </div> <div> indicated geocentricity.  As of Nov. 03, he personally likes what Dr.G. D Bouw did with his Impact article #354, but hasn't taken the time to peruse it in detail. The Institute for Creation Research does not believe in geocentricity.</div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-354.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-354.htm"><U><U>http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-354.htm</U></U></A></div> <div> SHAPES, NUMBERS, PATTERNS, AND THE </div> <div> DIVINE PROPORTION IN GOD'S CREATION</div> <div> - IMPACT No. 354 December 2002</div> <div> Response by Gerardus Bouw</div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.geocentricity.com/bibast/no103/icr_fibronacci.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.geocentricity.com/bibast/no10"><U><U>www.geocentricity.com/bibast/no103/icr_fibronacci.pdf</U></U></A></div> <div> I was having a hard time understanding Fred Willson's </div> <div> Impact #354 article until I put in the following:</div> <div>                  (Percent)     (Theoretical)</div> <div> Neptune                             62,000</div> <div> Uranus           50                31,000</div> <div> Saturn            33                10,333</div> <div> Jupiter           39                  4,133</div> <div> Asteroids       37                  1,550</div> <div> Mars              38                     596</div> <div> Earth             <U>61</U>                     366</div> <div> Venus           40                      277</div> <div> Mercury        31                       87</div> <div> (The 50 is found by dividing 31,000 by the number above it 62,000</div> <div> and so on down the list)<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  </FONT></div> <bR> <div> SHAPES, NUMBERS, PATTERNS, AND THE DIVINE PROPORTION IN GOD'S CREATION</div> <div> - IMPACT No. 354 December 2002</div> <div> by Fred Willson, M.S.*</div> <bR> <div> <U>© Copyright 2004</U><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > Institute for Creation Research. All Rights Reserved</FONT></div> <div> In God's creation, there exists a "Divine Proportion" that is exhibited in a multitude of shapes, numbers, and patterns whose relationship can only be the result of the omnipotent, good, and all-wise God of Scripture. This Divine Proportion—existing in the smallest to the largest parts, in living and also in non-living things—reveals the awesome handiwork of God and His interest in beauty, function, and order. </div> <div> I will first begin with shapes, then discuss how a numbering pattern and a ratio (the Divine Proportion) are an inherent part of these shapes and patterns and are ubiquitous throughout creation. </div> <div> Let's begin with a shape with which we are all familiar. It is the spiral commonly seen in shells. By taking a careful look at that spiral (the chambered nautilus is probably the clearest example) you will observe that as it gets larger, it retains its identical form. Since the body of the organism grows in the path of a spiral that is equiangular and logarithmic, its form never changes. The beauty of this form is commonly called the "golden spiral." </div> <div> This spiral is visible in things as diverse as: hurricanes, spiral seeds, the cochlea of the human ear, ram's horn, sea-horse tail, growing fern leaves, DNA molecule, waves breaking on the beach, tornados, galaxies, the tail of a comet as it winds around the sun, whirlpools, seed patterns of sunflowers, daisies, dandelions, and in the construction of the ears of most mammals. </div> <div> This spiral follows a precise mathematical pattern. We will first look at this spiral in sunflowers. By looking carefully at a sunflower you will observe two sets of spirals (rows of seeds or florets) spiraling in opposite directions. When these spiral rows are counted in each direction, you will discover that in the overwhelming majority of the cases that their numbers, depending upon the size of the flower, will be of the following ratio: </div> <div> if small, 34 and 55; if medium 55 and 89; if large 89 and 144</div> <bR> <div> These numbers are part of the Fibonacci numbering sequence, a pattern discovered around A.D. 1200 by Leonardo Pisa (historically known as Fibonacci).<I> Each succeeding number is the sum of the two preceding numbers</I>. The sequence of these numbers is 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233, ad infinitum. This numbering pattern reveals itself in various ways throughout all of nature, as we shall see. </div> <div> When the smaller number of this pattern is divided into the larger number adjacent to it, the ratio will always be approximately 1.618; if the larger one adjacent to it divides the smaller number, the ratio will be very close to 0.618. <I>This ratio is only true for this set of numbers. </I>This ratio has been called historically the Divine Proportion or Golden Ratio. This ratio has served mankind in three ways: it provides beauty, function, and reveals how marvelous God is. </div> <div> Beauty<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> Why did Phideas, the Greek sculptor, and many others in ancient Greece and Egypt use this ratio in designing their works of art? Because this ratio has been found to be remarkably pleasing to the human eye, it produces what is called a Golden Rectangle. If the short side of the rectangle is 1, the long side will be 1.618. This rectangular shape was used in the designing of the Parthenon in Greece and as the basic shape for many of their numerous pictures, vases, doorways, windows, statues, etc. It appears in the Great Pyramid of Egypt. The United Nations building is a golden rectangle. Many of the things you use are (approximately) patterned after the golden rectangle—credit cards, playing cards, postcards, light switch plates, writing pads, 3-by-5 and 5-by-8 cards, etc.<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >1</FONT> </div> <div> Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Van Gogh, Vermeer, John Singer Sargent, Monet, Whistler, Renoir, and others employed the golden proportion in their works. They would "take a blank easel and divide it into areas based on the golden proportions to determine the placement of horizons, trees, and so on."<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >2</FONT> Why the golden proportion? Art forms can be either of static or dynamic symmetry. In static symmetry the lines have definite measurements whereas in dynamic symmetry it is the proportioning of the areas that is given emphasis. It implies "growth, power, movement. It gives animation and <I>life</I> to an artist's work . . . rather than the effect of stillness and quiet"<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > 3</FONT> of static symmetry. This is the appeal of the golden proportion. </div> <div> Another area of great interest is the occurrence of Fibonacci numbers in the spiral arrangement of leaves around a plant's stem (called phyllotaxis). This spiral pattern is observed by viewing the stem from directly above, and noting the arc of the stem form one leaf base to the next, and the fraction of the stem circumference which is inscribed. In each case the numbers are Fibonacci numbers. Examples: In an elm the arc is 1/2 the circumference; in beech and hazel, 1/3; apricot, oak, 2/5; in pear and poplar, 3/8; in almond and pussy willow, 5/13; and in some pines either 5/21 or 13/34. Why did God arrange them this way? This pattern assures that each leaf will receive its maximum exposure to sunlight and air without shading or crowding other leaves. </div> <div> Not only do we discover this pattern in leaf arrangements, but it is also found in the arrangement of flower petals. Examples: a lily has 3 petals, yellow violet 5, delphinium 8, mayweed 13, aster 21, pyrethrum 34, helenium 55, and michaelmas daisy 89. With such a great variety of spiral ratios in leaf and petal arrangement, no one has any reason to get bored with God's creation.</div> <bR> <div> When we realize that the information to produce these spirals and numbers in living things is stored in the DNA, should we then be surprised to find that the DNA molecule is 21 angstroms in width and the length of one full turn in its spiral is 34 angstroms, both Fibonacci numbers? The DNA molecule is literally one long stack of golden rectangles.<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >4</FONT> </div> <div> Let's look into the area of very small and very large things. In the world of atoms there are four fundamental asymmetries (structure of atomic nuclei, distribution of fission fragments, distribution of numbers of isotopes, and the distribution of emitted particles), and it is significant that "the numerical values of all of these asymmetries are equal approximately to the `golden ratio,' and that the number forming these values are sometimes Fibonacci or `near' Fibonacci numbers."<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >5 </FONT>In changing states of a quantity of hydrogen atoms, as the atoms gain and lose radiant energy at succeeding energy levels, the changing proportion of the histories of the atomic electrons form Fibonacci numbers.<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >6</FONT> </div> <div> In the area of very large phenomena when the time period of each planet's<I> </I>revolution around the sun is compared in round numbers to the one adjacent to it, their fractions are Fibonacci numbers! Beginning with Neptune<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >7 </FONT>and moving inward toward the sun, the ratios are 1/2, 1/3, 2/5, 3/8, 5/13, 8/21, 13/34. These are the same as the spiral arrangement of leaves on plants! </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Revolution of the planets in days and their correlation to </B></div> <div> <B>Fibonacci numbers and spiral arrangement of leaves on plants</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>8</B></FONT> </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="630" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="108"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="20" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="108" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> <B>Observed</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> <B>(theoretical)</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> <B>Ratio</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> <B>Plants</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> (Pluto)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 90,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="157" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> (2:3 Neptune)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> ---</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Neptune</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 60,193</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 62,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="157" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> ---</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Uranus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 30,688</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 31,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 1:2</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> Elm</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Saturn</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 10,670</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 10,333</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 1:3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> Beech</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Jupiter</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 4,332</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 4,133</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 2:5</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> Apricot</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Asteroids</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 1200-2000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 1,550</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 3:8</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> Pear</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Mars</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 687</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 596</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 5:13</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> Almond</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Earth </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 365</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 366 8/13</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 8:21</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> ---</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Venus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 225</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 277 13/21</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 8:21</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> Pine</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="108"><div> Mercury</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="108"><div> 88</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 87</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="157"><div> 13:34</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="84"><div> Pine</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> There are creationists who have theorized that some cosmic force, probably in relation to the day of Noah's flood, altered the solar system, especially from Venus to the asteroid belt. This may account for the only significant theoretical adjustments in the chart: Mars (687 to 596), and Venus (225 to 277); the rest are very close to reality. Even with these two adjustments, the correlation of the Fibonacci pattern to the periodic times of the planets is far more than just a chance arrangement. It is one more example of God's marvelous mathematical arrangement of His creation. The fact that it is not perfect reveals that although Adam's sin affected the whole creation (Romans 8:22), yet God in His goodness has not allowed sin to overcome all the marks of His great handiwork (Psalm 19:1). </div> <div> A most interesting divergence in the chart is that of the Earth. As the next planet in the series after Mars, its number should be 8:21, but it isn't. This number "skips" over Earth and connects to Venus. Even with this divergence we find that the Earth's period compared to Mars and Venus are Fibonacci numbers (8/13, 13/21). It is my opinion that this anomaly is evidence of God's showing the uniqueness of planet Earth in relationship to the whole cosmos. It also accomplishes another fact, for this "anomaly" shatters the big bang and nebular hypothesis, for if all the planets formed from a whirling cloud of dust and atoms, this feature would not be present. To think that the times of revolution of the planets around the sun correlates with the arrangement of leaves around stems on plants is also an amazing phenomena. </div> <div> These shapes, numbers, spirals, and the divine proportion are ubiquitous in their presence throughout all of creation. They are found in living and nonliving phenomena. Their symmetry, beauty, and mathematical preciseness are evident in every aspect of nature. Although absolute perfection is not found in all of these (due to the effects of Adam' sin), their very presence virtually everywhere and in everything argues against their having occurred by blind chance or evolutionary processes. The only rational conclusion is that the Creator of the universe is a personal, intelligent Being, who created these things as a visible fingerprint of His invisible, yet personal existence. This great, wise, powerful, creative, and sovereign God of creation is the One revealed in the Bible, of whom it can be said, "Great things doeth He, which we cannot comprehend" (Job 37:5). He is worthy of worship. And what is His name? The Lord Jesus Christ. "Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created" (Revelation 4:11). </div> <div> References </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">1. Trudi Hammel Garland, <I>Fascinating Fibonaccis</I>, Dale Seymour Publications, 1987, p. 19. Available: www.bbhomeschoolcatalog.com or 800/260-5461. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">2. Ibid., pp. 34, 36. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">3. Garth E. Runion, <I>The Golden Section,</I> Dale Seymour Publications, Palo Alto, CA. 1990, pp. 84_85. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">4. Marl Wahl, <I>A Mathematical Mystery Tour, </I>Zephry Press, Tucson, AZ. 1988, </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">p. 128. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">5. J. Wlodarski, "The Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci Numbers in the World of Atoms,"<I> Fibonacci Quarterly</I>, December 1963, p. 61. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">6. H. E. Huntley, "Fibonacci and the Atom,"<I> Fibonacci Quarterly</I>, December 1969, pp. 523_524. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">7. There is still controversy as to whether Pluto is a real planet. Whether or not it is, its distance from Neptune is still a Fibonacci ratio, even if in the opposite direction. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">8. Marcius Willson, <I>The Fourth Reader of the School and Family, </I>Harper & Brothers, Publishers, New York, 1860, p. 216. </div> <div> <B>* Fred Willson is ICR's Extension Specialist in Science Education. </B></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0d0c0250.png" border=0 width="448" height="549" ALT="Microsoft Photo Editor 3.0 Photo" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> ICR skirts geocentricity again</div> <div> 28</div> <div> <B>ICR SKIRTS GEOCENTRICITY AGAIN</B></div> <div> December’s issue of <I>Impact </I>from the Institute for Creation Research</div> <div> was devoted to an article by Fred Wilson on the mathematical</div> <div> patterns found in nature.<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >1 </FONT>In particular, the article describes a mathematical</div> <div> sequence called a <I>Fibonacci Series</I>. The series is created by</div> <div> taking the numbers one and two and then forming the next number in</div> <div> the sequence by adding the previous two together. The series runs:</div> <div> 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, ...</div> <div> When the larger of an adjacent pair of numbers is divided, the larger by</div> <div> the smaller, the ratio is usually close to 1.618. This ratio is called the</div> <div> <I>Golden Ratio</I>. It turns out that rectangles, whose sides satisfy this ratio,</div> <div> are pleasing to the eye. The ratio of these pages is about 1.55. The</div> <div> Greeks used the <I>golden rectangle </I>in the design of their temples. The</div> <div> ark of the covenant was 2.5 cubits long and 1.5 cubits wide, which is a</div> <div> ratio of 1.6767. The altar for sacrifices was 3 cubits high, by 5 long and</div> <div> wide. The list of ratios for the above list is:</div> <div> 2, 1.5, 1.667, 1.6, 1.625, 1.615, 1.619, 1.618, 1.618, 1.618, 1.618, 1.618</div> <div> More difficult to see is the pattern in flowers. A flower like the</div> <div> sunflower will have two sets of spirals spiraling in opposite directions.</div> <div> (Each spiral is made of tiny flowers which yield the sunflower seeds.)</div> <div> Counting in each direction, one finds that the number of tiny flowers or</div> <div> seeds, depending upon the size of the flower, will number a follows: if</div> <div> the flower is small, 34 and 55, if medium 55 and 89, and if large 89 and</div> <div> 144. These form what is called a <I>golden spiral</I>.</div> <div> Mr. Wilson does a very nice job of showing the broad scope under</div> <div> which the golden spiral, rectangle, and ratio occur. The reader is encouraged</div> <div> to get a copy or check for it at ICR’s web site.</div> <div> The most interesting part of the article from our perspective is the</div> <div> Fibonacci sequences for the planetary periods. Wilson’s table could be</div> <div> clearer by using years in stead of days and by showing more intermediate</div> <div> values, but his table served the purposes of his article just fine. The</div> <div> following table includes intermediate values, including one for the asteroids.</div> <div> We selected the largest asteroid, Ceres, for the period of an</div> <div> asteroid. Wilson’s 1550 days gives a period of 4.24 years and actually</div> <div> 1 <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Wilson, F., 2002. “Shapes, Numbers, Patterns, and the Divine Proportion in God’s</FONT></div> <div> Creation,” <I>Impact</I>, no. 354, December.</div> <div> Biblical Astronomer, number 103</div> <div> 29</div> <div> does not match the ratios as well as the Ceres period, which is representative</div> <div> of the largest asteroids.</div> <div> <B>FIBONACCI RATIOS FOR THE PLANETS</B></div> <div> Planet</div> <div> Period</div> <div> (years)</div> <div> Observed</div> <div> Period</div> <div> Ratio</div> <div> Expected</div> <div> Fibonacci</div> <div> Ratio</div> <div> Expected</div> <div> Fibonacci</div> <div> Value</div> <div> Best-fit</div> <div> Observed</div> <div> Ratio</div> <div> Best-fit</div> <div> Observed</div> <div> Value</div> <div> Pluto 248.43 <B>--- </B>--- --- --- <B>---</B></div> <div> Neptune 164.78 <B>1.51 </B>3:2 1.50 3:2 <B>1.50</B></div> <div> Uranus 84.02 <B>1.96 </B>2:1 2.00 2:1 <B>2.00</B></div> <div> Saturn 29.46 <B>2.85 </B>3:1 3.00 3:1 <B>3.00</B></div> <div> Jupiter 11.86 <B>2.48 </B>5:2 2.50 5:2 <B>2.50</B></div> <div> Asteroids 4.60 <B>2.58 </B>8:3 2.67 8:3 <B>2.67</B></div> <div> Mars 1.88 <B>2.45 </B>13:5 2.60 13:5 <B>2.60</B></div> <div> Earth 1.00 <B>1.88 </B>21:8 2.63 <I><B>13:8 </B></I><B>1.63</B></div> <div> Venus 0.62 <B>1.61 </B>34:13 2.62 <I><B>21:13 </B></I><B>1.63</B></div> <div> Mercury 0.24 <B>2.58 </B>55:21 2.62 55:21 <B>2.62</B></div> <div> In the table, the first column lists the name of the planet. The</div> <div> second column gives its orbital period, its “year,” in earth years. The</div> <div> third column is computed by dividing the period of the planet on the</div> <div> line above by the period of the planet on that line, giving the observed</div> <div> ratio of the periods.<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >2 </FONT>For instance, the value of 1.51 for Neptune is</div> <div> computed by dividing the period of Pluto, 248.42 years, by Neptune’s</div> <div> period of 164.78 years. The fourth column gives the Fibonacci ratio</div> <div> that is theoretically expected to give to the value in column three, only</div> <div> expressed as a fraction of two integers. The Fibonacci ratios start with</div> <div> Uranus as 2 to 1 (2:1, read as “two to one”). Neptune’s Fibonacci ratio</div> <div> is in the opposite direction of the planets interior to Uranus. The ratio</div> <div> of 5:2 for Jupiter is derived by adding the 2 from Uranus and the 3 from</div> <div> Saturn to give the 5. The 2 is found by adding the 1 from Uranus to the</div> <div> 1 from Saturn. The fifth column is the ratio in column 4 divided out to</div> <div> two decimal places. In other words, the 2.60 for Mars is computed by</div> <div> the division 13/5. Columns four and five are theoretical, that is, computed,</div> <div> values derived from Uranus’s starting value. The values in column</div> <div> five are to be compared with those in column three. Note that the</div> <div> computed values fail to match the observed ones, for earth and Venus.</div> <div> 2 <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Wilson presents the inverse, but the only effect is to swap the numbers in the ratio, that</FONT></div> <div> is, the 3:1 for Saturn becomes 1:3. It makes no difference in the analysis or the results.</div> <div> It’s just a personal preference, I’d rather work with numbers like 3 instead of 0.33333....</div> <div> ICR skirts geocentricity again</div> <div> 30</div> <div> The sixth and seventh columns give the best-fit observed match to column</div> <div> three, given the expected sequence. Thus I have left the ratio for</div> <div> Mercury the same as expected (55:21) whereas Wilson changes it to</div> <div> 34:13. Since both ratios evaluate to 2.62, there is no way to tell which</div> <div> is “correct.” Columns six and seven, then, express what is actually</div> <div> <I>observed, </I>not what is wished for, while keeping the values in columns</div> <div> three and four, where appropriate.</div> <div> The table is not the same as appeared in the <I>Impact </I>article. In the</div> <div> original article, the period of Mars was changed from 1.88 years to 1.63</div> <div> years, and that of Venus was changed from 0.62 year to 0.76 year.</div> <div> Also, Wilson’s article had the planetary periods in days, but whether</div> <div> days or years, it makes no difference to the ratios since they are</div> <div> unitless. Using the adjusted periods for Mars and Venus vastly improves</div> <div> the results in column six, for then the ratio for both earth and</div> <div> Venus becomes 21:8. The ratio for Mars was kept the same by adjusting</div> <div> the period for the asteroids from 4.60 to 4.24 years.</div> <div> We find that the earth and Venus are oddballs, neither fitting the</div> <div> expected Fibonacci series. Thus we should compare column three with</div> <div> column seven; the observed ratio of the period, to the observed ratio</div> <div> value.</div> <div> The table at left</div> <div> shows the error, that is, the</div> <div> difference between the</div> <div> observed Fibonacci ratio</div> <div> (O), and the computed</div> <div> value (C). The subcolumn</div> <div> labeled “Theory” is the</div> <div> difference between columns</div> <div> 5 and 3 in the first</div> <div> table, “Best fit” is column</div> <div> 7 minus column 5. The</div> <div> last column is the Theory</div> <div> column less the Best fit</div> <div> column of this table. By</div> <div> far, the largest discrepancy</div> <div> is for the earth. At -0.26,</div> <div> its magnitude is 1.7 times</div> <div> larger than the errors for</div> <div> Saturn and Mars, both of</div> <div> which are near “asteroid belts,” meaning that their periods may not be</div> <div> representative of the mass distribution in that are.</div> <div> All things considered, the fit for the outer planets (Pluto through</div> <div> Mars) is good, as is Mercury’s. The only problems planets, as clearly</div> <div> <B>ERROR ANALYSIS</B></div> <div> <B>O-C Theory</B></div> <div> <B>minus</B></div> <div> <B>Planet Theory Best fit Best fit</B></div> <div> Pluto --- --- ---</div> <div> Neptune -0.01 -0.01 0.00</div> <div> Uranus 0.04 0.04 0.00</div> <div> Saturn 0.15 0.15 0.00</div> <div> Jupiter 0.02 0.02 0.00</div> <div> Asteroids 0.09 0.09 0.00</div> <div> Mars 0.15 0.15 0.00</div> <div> Earth 0.75 -0.26 1.00</div> <div> Venus 1.00 0.00 1.00</div> <div> Mercury 0.04 0.03 0.00</div> <div> Biblical Astronomer, number 103</div> <div> 31</div> <div> seen in the last column</div> <div> of this table, are</div> <div> earth and Venus. (Do</div> <div> not be alarmed that</div> <div> earth’s value is not</div> <div> 1.01. This is because</div> <div> of rounding errors.</div> <div> The underlying values</div> <div> in the spreadsheets</div> <div> shown carried more</div> <div> than three significant</div> <div> digits.)</div> <div> The table at left</div> <div> is a comparison of our</div> <div> results with Wilson’s.</div> <div> The last three columns</div> <div> should fit the</div> <div> observed values in</div> <div> column 4.</div> <div> After making his</div> <div> adjustments to the</div> <div> periods of the asteroids,</div> <div> Mars, and Venus,</div> <div> Wilson writes:</div> <div> “It is my opinion that</div> <div> this anomaly is evidence</div> <div> of God’s showing</div> <div> the uniqueness of</div> <div> planet Earth in relationship</div> <div> to the whole</div> <div> cosmos.” We can</div> <div> take that a step further</div> <div> and point out that if</div> <div> he is correct, then it</div> <div> shows that the earth is</div> <div> not a planet. Wilson</div> <div> correctly notes that</div> <div> this would not be expected</div> <div> if the solar</div> <div> system formed by the</div> <div> commonly accepted</div> <div> Nebular Hypothesis.</div> <div> The solar system had</div> <div> ICR skirts geocentricity again</div> <div> 32</div> <div> to be created, for if it came about by chance, the Fibonacci series would</div> <div> apply to the earth, too.</div> <div> But our analysis did not fudge the planetary periods to force a fit</div> <div> to the Fibonacci ratios. We found that without altering the periods of</div> <div> Mars, the asteroids, and Venus, only two objects are affected, Venus</div> <div> and earth. Although Wilson’s fudging gives him a nice recovery of the</div> <div> ratios, isolating the difference to earth, the process itself is questionable.</div> <div> Wilson does not go into a detailed defense for his action other</div> <div> than to wave his hands saying that some creationists have postulated</div> <div> that an “unknown cosmic force” altered the solar system about or at the</div> <div> time of Noah’s flood. But that is nothing more than a creationist version</div> <div> of Velikovskyism. The “unknown cosmic force” is proposed because</div> <div> the actions postulated cannot naturally occur. It is possible that</div> <div> miraculous events at the time of the flood may have moved the planets</div> <div> around, but as there was no need for God to do so to create the flood,</div> <div> and as there is no mention of such events in Scripture, it seems pointless</div> <div> to invent a superficial miracle to explain what may or may not be a</div> <div> true pattern in planetary periods.</div> <div> Elsewhere we have noted the special place that Venus holds in the</div> <div> creation.<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >3 </FONT>Venus is the only planet identified with the Deity. In particular,</div> <div> Venus, the morning star, is identified with the Lord Jesus Christ</div> <div> in Revelation 22:16, “I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you</div> <div> these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David,</div> <div> <I>and </I>the bright and morning star.” Though it may be tempting to adopt</div> <div> Wilson’s analysis and say, “See! The earth is not a planet,” there is</div> <div> sufficient evidence for that without this rather circumstantial datum.</div> <div> But if both Venus and earth hold a special place, as indicated in both</div> <div> analyses (in his table, Wilson highlighted both their rows in green), we</div> <div> should not be upset. Both earth and Venus have a special place in</div> <div> Scripture; earth because God created it for man, to dwell there and to</div> <div> enjoy God’s glory and grace; and Venus as a type of the Scripture–as a</div> <div> light shining in darkness and heralding the morning, and as the herald</div> <div> of the Lord Jesus as he will return to establish a righteous and everlasting</div> <div> kingdom on earth. What Wilson has stumbled upon is not so much</div> <div> that the earth is special, but that the Scripture is special; for no other</div> <div> solar system objects, except the sun and moon, are singled out specially</div> <div> in Scripture. Earth and Venus are distinct in the Fibonacci series because</div> <div> they are distinct in Scripture: the earth because it is in a special</div> <div> state, i.e. stationary, in creation, and Venus because it is a type of the</div> <div> Lord Jesus, both the word of God (Mk. 7:13) and the Word of God</div> <div> (Rev. 19:13).</div> <div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >3 </FONT>Bouw, G.D., 2001. “The Morning Stars,” <I>B. A. </I><B>11</B>(97):69.</div> <bR> <div> [The following is the same as the above, but this is the original printed copy. </div> <div> Evidence #2 follows below this.]</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0a873e40.png" border=0 width="371" height="740" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0aa68d20.png" border=0 width="360" height="722" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0ac6bd70.png" border=0 width="363" height="727" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <IMG SRC="0ae79500.png" border=0 width="377" height="592" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0b0a95b0.png" border=0 width="425" height="347" ALT="Object Image, replacement for Object that CuteSITE Builder was unable to create from RTF." ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0b2433b0.png" border=0 width="323" height="571" ALT="Object Image, replacement for Object that CuteSITE Builder was unable to create from RTF." ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0b4443a0.png" border=0 width="324" height="570" ALT="Object Image, replacement for Object that CuteSITE Builder was unable to create from RTF." ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0b64a3c0.png" border=0 width="330" height="572" ALT="Object Image, replacement for Object that CuteSITE Builder was unable to create from RTF." ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0b8423c0.png" border=0 width="322" height="572" ALT="Object Image, replacement for Object that CuteSITE Builder was unable to create from RTF." ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0ba563a0.png" border=0 width="342" height="570" ALT="Object Image, replacement for Object that CuteSITE Builder was unable to create from RTF." ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> Evidence - Earth's annual orbit (?)</div> <bR> <div> What is the all powerful, overwhelming evidence that the earth is spinning on its axis daily? <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Nothing, nothing at all!</FONT></div> <div> Is the earth spinning daily on its axis or not? If it is spinning daily, it must also be orbiting the sun yearly.</div> <div> When walking in a rain which is coming straight down, a person must tilt his umbrella forward into the rain to keep from getting wet. This is called an aberration. The earth's alleged orbit around the sun could cause an aberration. A second item that could cause an aberration is called the Fresnell drag; the sun has an aether-field coupled to it that sweeps past a stationary earth once a year. This field could be the sun's light, magnetic or gravitational field which drags starlight with it causing the aberration. </div> <div> In the 1870's a fundamental experiment now called “Airy's failure” measured the alleged annual speed of the earth around the sun at 67,000 miles per hour. The result is that the 67,000 speed is always zero meaning the earth is not orbiting the sun. Later experiments with greatly improved accuracy have given the same result.  </div> <div> Airy's Failure:</div> <div> A telescope must be tipped slightly ahead of the actual position of a star to get the starlight going down the axis of the tube so that the star can be seen because of the earth's “speed around the sun.” The telescope was then filled with water which slowed down the speed of light to 77% of its speed in air. Starlight will then take longer to go through the telescope and the telescope may have to be tilted in order to see the star. The result was that the angle of the telescope did not have to be changed!  The water filled telescope had to be kept in the same position as the empty telescope to see the star. This implied that the star was moving and not the earth. If the water filled telescope had to be tilted more than the empty telescope to see the star, it would mean that the earth was moving around the sun. So “Airy's failure” failed to prove that the earth revolves annually around the sun. </div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0cc096b0.png" border=0 width="521" height="363" ALT="TurboCAD 3 Drawing" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> Only earth motion and not star motion would affect the amount of additional tilt required on the telescope. Final result - no additional tilt was needed! The earth is not orbiting the sun annually; neither is the earth spinning daily!</div> <div> Airy expected his “failure” because of the results of the Fresnell drag experiment.</div> <div> See also: Michelson-Morley Experiment and the Michelson-Gale Experiment</div> <bR> <div> Daniel 2:21,22 says, “And he (God) changeth the times and the seasons…and…he giveth…knowledge to them that know understanding; He revealth the deep and secret things…” `Seasons' refers to Gen. 1:14, the fourth day of creation, which says, “And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven…and let them be for…seasons, and for days, and years:” Our four seasons come from the sun's own individual annual orbit which is inside the daily revolving firmament around a stationery earth. The earth, created on the first day, has nothing to do with the changing seasons. This is before sin entered the world.</div> <bR> <div> Jeremiah 13:16 says, “Give glory to the Lord your God, before he cause darkness…and, while ye look for light…he make it gross darkness.” Because the churches refuse to accept the geocentric scriptures, they then believe what is obviously wrong.</div> <bR> <div> 1 Thessalonians 5:21 says, “Prove all things…” Hebrews 9:23 says, “…things in the heavens…” `Things' are the sun, moon, stars and planets. The Holy Spirit is stating a fact that the earth is stationary in the center of a geocentric universe and it can be proven!</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >                                                                    </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF9933" FACE="Baskerville Old Face" >           </FONT> <A HREF="id21.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch 3 First Second of Creation"><U>Next </U></A></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>